Gene Variation: The Key to Understanding Pharmacogenomics and Drug Response Variability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63995/ZXPK7782Keywords:
Biomarkers; Drug Response; Gene Variation; Genetic Profiling; Personalized Medicine; PharmacogenomicsAbstract
Gene variation is pivotal in understanding pharmacogenomics and drug response variability, as genetic differences significantly influence individual reactions to medications. Pharmacogenomics explores how genetic variations impact drug efficacy and toxicity, aiming to tailor medical treatments to each patient's genetic profile. Specific gene variants can affect drug metabolism, transport, and targets, leading to diverse therapeutic outcomes and adverse effects among individuals. Advances in genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, enable comprehensive identification and analysis of these genetic variants. This facilitates the development of personalized medicine approaches, where treatments are optimized based on genetic makeup, improving efficacy and minimizing adverse reactions. Understanding gene variation also aids in identifying biomarkers for predicting drug responses, contributing to more precise and effective healthcare. This abstract underscores the importance of gene variation in pharmacogenomics, highlighting its role in elucidating drug response variability and advancing personalized medicine, ultimately enhancing patient care and therapeutic outcomes.
Downloads
References
William E Evans and Julie A Johnson. “Pharmacogenomics: the inherited basis for interindividual differences in drug response”. In: Annual review of genomics and human genetics 2.1 (2001), pp. 9–39.
Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg, Souren Mkrtchian, Yitian Zhou, and Volker M Lauschke. “Integrating rare genetic variants into pharmacogenetic drug response predictions”. In: Human genomics 12 (2018), pp. 1–12.
Hans-Georg Eichler, Eric Abadie, Alasdair Breckenridge, Bruno Flamion, Lars L Gustafsson, Hubert Leufkens, Malcolm Rowland, Christian K Schneider, and Brigitte Bloechl-Daum. “Bridging the efficacy–effectiveness gap: a regulator’s perspective on addressing variability of drug response”. In: Nature reviews Drug discovery 10.7 (2011), pp. 495–506.
TP Aneesh, Sonal Sekhar, Asha Jose, Lekshmi Chandran, and Subin Mary Zachariah. “Pharmacogenomics: the right drug to the right person”. In: Journal of clinical medicine research 1.4 (2009), p. 191.
Volker M Lauschke, Yitian Zhou, and Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg. “Novel genetic and epigenetic factors of importance for inter-individual differences in drug disposition, response and toxicity”. In: Pharmacology & therapeutics 197 (2019), pp. 122–152.
Kathleen M Giacomini, Claire M Brett, Russ B Altman, NL Benowitz, ME Dolan, DA Flockhart, JA Johnson, DF Hayes, T Klein, RM Krauss, et al. “The pharmacogenetics research network: from SNP discovery to clinical drug response”. In: Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 81.3 (2007), pp. 328–345.
Michel Eichelbaum, Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg, and William E Evans. “Pharmacogenomics and individualized drug therapy”. In: Annu. Rev. Med. 57 (2006), pp. 119–137.
Heather E Wheeler, Michael L Maitland, M Eileen Dolan, Nancy J Cox, and Mark J Ratain. “Cancer pharmacogenomics: strategies and challenges”. In: Nature Reviews Genetics 14.1 (2013), pp. 23–34.
Mikael Kozyra, Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg, and Volker M Lauschke. “Rare genetic variants in cellular transporters, metabolic enzymes, and nuclear receptors can be important determinants of interindividual differences in drug response”. In: Genetics in Medicine 19.1 (2017), pp. 20–29.
Shabbir Ahmed, Zhan Zhou, Jie Zhou, and Shu-Qing Chen. “Pharmacogenomics of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters: relevance to precision medicine”. In: Genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics 14.5 (2016), pp. 298–313.
Wolfgang Sadee and Zunyan Dai. “Pharmacogenetics/genomics and personalized medicine”. In: Human molecular genetics 14.suppl_2 (2005), R207–R214.
Munir Pirmohamed. “Personalized pharmacogenomics: predicting efficacy and adverse drug reactions”. In: Annual review of genomics and human genetics 15 (2014), pp. 349–370.
Giovanni Severino and Maria Del Zompo. “Adverse drug reactions: role of pharmacogenomics”. In: Pharmacological Research 49.4 (2004), pp. 363–373.
Richard M Turner, B Kevin Park, and Munir Pirmohamed. “Parsing interindividual drug variability: an emerging role for systems pharmacology”. In: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine 7.4 (2015), pp. 221–241.
Dan M Roden, Russell A Wilke, Heyo K Kroemer, and C Michael Stein. “Pharmacogenomics: the genetics of variable drug responses”. In: Circulation 123.15 (2011), pp. 1661–1670.
BS Shastry. “Pharmacogenetics and the concept of individualized medicine”. In: The pharmacogenomics journal 6.1 (2006), pp. 16–21.
Dan M Roden, Russ B Altman, Neal L Benowitz, David A Flockhart, Kathleen M Giacomini, Julie A Johnson, Ronald M Krauss, Howard L McLeod, Mark J Ratain, Mary V Relling, et al. “Pharmacogenomics: challenges and opportunities”. In: Annals of internal medicine 145.10 (2006), pp. 749–757.
Qiang Ma and Anthony YH Lu. “Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, and individualized medicine”. In: Pharmacological reviews 63.2 (2011), pp. 437–459.
Geoffrey T Tucker. “Advances in understanding drug metabolism and its contribution to variability in patient response”. In: Therapeutic drug monitoring 22.1 (2000), pp. 110–113.
Ashraf G Madian, Heather E Wheeler, Richard Baker Jones, and M Eileen Dolan. “Relating human genetic variation to variation in drug responses”. In: Trends in genetics 28.10 (2012), pp. 487–495.
Rashmi R Shah. “Pharmacogenetics in drug regulation: promise, potential and pitfalls”. In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360.1460 (2005), pp. 1617–1638.
Urs A Meyer, Ulrich M Zanger, and Matthias Schwab. “Omics and drug response”. In: Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology 53 (2013), pp. 475–502.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© The Author(s). Published by Fusion of Multidisciplinary Research, An International Journal (FMR), Netherlands.
This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.